查看课程评分、难度与真实评价
/ Indicative Syllabus Cell structure and functions: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the architecture of plasma membrane, transport across membrane, internal membranes and cell energetic, chemical signaling between cells, cytoskeleton and cell movement, cilia and flagella, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, lysosome and peroxisomes, the nucleus, chromosomes and DNA replication (8 hours) Cell cycles and development of cell specificity in eukaryotes, cell cycle and cells in early stage of development, determination and differentiation of cells in higher eukaryotes, and important roles of stem cells (4 hours) Introduction to important methods in cell biology: cell fractionation, light microscopy, electron microscopy, cell and tissue culture (4 hours) Structure, properties and functions of molecules of life: water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and vitamins. Vision biochemistry and its relation to Vitamin A. (7 hours) Gene expression: The genetic code; transcription; translation (4 hours) Enzymes: nature and mode of action of enzymes, regulation and importance in biological systems, isoenzymes and coenzymes, enzyme kinetics (2 hours) Catabolism and generation of energy: bioenergetic principles, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, hexose monophosphate shunt, electronic transport, oxidation of fat, proteolysis, deaminations, fate of carbon skeleton, urea cycle (7 hours) Biosynthesis and utilization of energy: gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, biosynthesis of lipids, amino acids and proteins (3 hours) -- 1 of 2 --
/ Indicative Syllabus Indicative Content Introduction to cell physiology (structure and function of cell organelles; plasma membrane; cytoplasm and its organelles; nucleus and gene expression; protein synthesis and secretion; DNA synthesis and cell division) Level of body organization from cells to systems (homeostasis and feedback control; primary tissues; organization of organs and systems) Body systems including 1) Respiratory system (structure of respiratory system; physical aspects of ventilation; mechanics of breathing; gas exchange; transport of blood gases; regulation of breathing; control of ventilation rate) 2) Cardiovascular system (structure of heart; cardiac cycle; electrical activity of heart; nervous and endocrine control of cardiac function; blood composition; overview of blood vessels; systemic, pulmonary and lymphatic circulations; cardiac output; haemodynamics and regulation of blood flow) 3) Renal system (structure of renal system; structure and function of nephron; glomerular filtration; water and salt reabsorption; renal plasma clearance; renal control of electrolyte and acid base balance) 4) Digestive system (digestion and absorption; from mouth to stomach; small intestine; large intestine; digestive role of liver, gallbladder and pancreas; neural and endocrine regulation of digestive process) 5) Nervous system (structure and function of neurons and synapses; electrical activity of neurons; overview of membrane potential, grade potential and action -- 1 of 3 -- potential; mechanism of neurotransmission; organization and function of central and peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system; sensory and motor cortex) 6) Reproductive system (male and female reproductive physiology; endocrine regulation of reproduction; menstrual cycle; fertilization and pregnancy) 7) Endocrine system (endocrine glands; classification and function of hormones; mechanisms of hormone action; control of hormone secretion; pituitary, adrenal, thyroid glands and pancreas; autocrine and paracrine regulation; physiological link of nervous and endocrine systems) 8) Musculoskeletal system (structure of skeletal muscle; classification of muscle and muscle contraction, mechanism of muscle contraction; energy requirement of skeletal muscle; neural control of muscle contraction; structure of bone and cartilage; growth and remodeling of bone; calcium homeostasis) 9) Immune system (defense mechanisms; B and T lymphocytes; active and passive immunity; diseases caused by immune system)
/ Indicative Syllabus Nervous system: Classification, structure, function and properties of neurons and synapses; divisions of the nervous system; roles of the central as well as the autonomic nervous system; receptors and chemical transmission at nerve-nerve and nerve-muscle junctions; neurotransmitters; organization and function of the sensory system for both general and special senses; control of body movement. Cardiovascular system: Structure and function of the heart and blood vessels; control of cardiac functions; function of the systemic and pulmonary circulation; hemodynamics; components and properties of blood; structure and function of the lymphatic system. Respiratory system: Organization and structure of the respiratory system; ventilation and lung mechanics; exchange of gases in alveoli and tissues; transport of blood gases; chemical control of ventilation. -- 1 of 4 -- Renal system: Organisation of the urinogenital system; structure of a typical nephron; basic renal processes; regulation of sodium and water balance; regulation of potassium, calcium and hydrogen ions. Immune system: Classifications of cells of the internal defense system; recognition of self and “non-self”, non-specific defense processes; specific defense processes; roles of antibodies and complement pathways. Endocrine system: Organisation and structure of the endocrine system; classification of hormones; controlling mechanisms of hormone secretion; function of hormones; anatomical and physiological link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Reproductive system: Principles of gametogenesis; male reproductive physiology; female reproductive physiology; female sex cycle; pregnancy.
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Cardiovascular system: Control of cardiac functions; haemodynamics; components and properties of blood; structure and function of the lymphatic system. Respiratory system: External respiration and lung mechanics; exchange of gases in alveoli and tissues; transport of blood gases; chemical control of ventilation. Renal system: Organization of the urinogenital system; structure of a typical nephron; basic renal processes; regulation of sodium and water balance; regulation of electrolyte balance. Immune system: Different type of immune cells; innate and adaptive immune responses, recognition of self and “non-self”, roles of antibodies and complement pathways; active and passive immune response. Endocrine system: Organization of the endocrine system; classification of hormones; controlling mechanisms of hormone secretion; function of selected hormones; anatomical and physiological link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Digestive system: Processes of digestion and absorption; hepatobiliary and pancreatic functions; neural and endocrine control of the digestive processes. -- 1 of 3 --
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Basic principles of Pharmacology: - Definition, history of pharmacology and its relationship with other medical disciplines. - Nature and sources of drugs, drug nomenclature. - Effects of drugs on the body---pharmacodynamics - Effects of the body on drugs---pharmacokinetics - Basic principles of toxicology and adverse drug reactions - Adverse drug effects in the geriatric population Pharmacology of the autonomic and central nervous systems: - Basic principles of neural transmission. - Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system. - Drugs affecting the central nervous system. - Drugs for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Drugs affecting major organ system: - Basic principles and drugs for cardiovascular disorders - Basic principles and drugs for respiratory disorders. -- 1 of 2 -- - Basic principles and drugs for musculoskeletal disorders - Basic principles and drugs for disorders in endocrine system. - Basic principles and examples of antimicrobial/antiviral drugs. - Basic principles and examples of chemotherapy.
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Level of Body Organization from Cells to Systems: Structure and function of cell organelles; homeostasis and feedback control; primary tissues; and organization of organs and systems. Respiratory System: Structure of the respiratory system; ventilation and lung mechanics; exchange of gases in alveoli and tissues; transport of blood gases; mechanism of chemical control of ventilation rate; and basic quantitative evaluation. Cardiovascular system (structure of heart; cardiac cycle; electrical activity of heart; nervous and endocrine control of cardiac function; blood composition; overview of blood vessels; systemic, pulmonary and lymphatic circulations; cardiac output; haemodynamics and regulation of blood flow) Renal System: Structure of the renal system; structure of a typical nephron; basic renal processes; regulation of sodium and water balance; renal plasma clearance; renal control of electrolytes; and regulation of acid–base balance. Digestive System: Structures of the digestive system; digestion and absorption; and regulation of the digestive processes. Reproductive system (male and female reproductive physiology; endocrine regulation of reproduction; menstrual cycle; fertilization and pregnancy) Endocrine system (endocrine glands; classification and function of hormones; mechanisms of hormone action; control of hormone secretion; pituitary, adrenal, thyroid glands and pancreas; autocrine and paracrine regulation; physiological link of nervous and endocrine systems) Nervous System: Structure of the nervous system; basic structure of a typical neuron; generation, significance, and roles of resting membrane potential, grade potential, and action potential; receptors, synapses, and chemical transmission at nerve–nerve junctions; neurotransmitters; functions of the sensory and motor cortex. Musculoskeletal system (structure of skeletal muscle; classification of muscle and muscle contraction, mechanism of muscle contraction; energy requirement of skeletal muscle; neural control of muscle contraction; structure of bone and cartilage; growth and remodeling of bone; calcium homeostasis) Immune system (defense mechanisms; B and T lymphocytes; active and passive immunity; diseases caused by immune system) -- 2 of 4 -- Teaching and Learning Methodology Lecture will be used to explain and impart understanding of the factual material including basic anatomical structures and basic concepts and principles of physiology and pathology of the selected system. Mass lecturing with the aids of multimedia tools such as animations will be adopted to facilitate the conceptual learning of the students. Tutorial will be used to supplement lectures. Tutorial will include the use of interactive multimedia, online activities and case study to reinforce important concepts. Class activities involving problems in health professions will be designed to engage students' learning. Laboratory Practical will be used to introduce the scientific experimentation consisting of data collection and interpretation for addressing physiological questions. Practical will be focused on the investigation of cardiovascular system, digestive system and nerve response to different stimuli.
/ Indicative Syllabus (Note 2) Module 1: Basic Disease Processes (week 1 to 5) 1. Define the basic terminology of pathophysiology in injury, infection and cancer, and the basic categories of disease by general mechanisms (genetic/ developmental/degenerative) and specific causes (ischemic, infectious, immune, 1metabolic, trauma, idiopathic); describe basic diagnostic tools ranging from routine laboratory tests to advanced imaging modalities; discuss engineering innovations for better health (link with other BME subjects); 2. Articulate basic process of injury and repair, and compare reparative process among neuromusculokeletal tissues (e.g. brain/spinal cord injury, fractures, dislocation, sprain and strains); 3. Understand the process of innate and adaptive immune responses to virus and bacteria infections. 4. Describe various processes of altered cellular growth including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia and neoplasia, and appreciate the similarities and differences between the biological behaviors of benign versus malignant neoplasms; 5. Appreciate chromosomal abnormalities, single gene abnormalities and multifactorial inheritance as causes of disease e.g. cerebral palsy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy etc. A blood laboratory session will be arranged to understand basic concept of diagnostic tests and results interpretation. Module two: integrated organs/systems responses to stressors (week 6 to 9) 6. Iterate the functional anatomy of limbs and spine, and basic quantitative evaluations; 7. Discuss the adaptive responses of musculoskeletal tissues to the common stressors, i.e. diet and exercise, neuroendocrine regulation of calcium homeostasis, growth and remodeling of bone, and related diseases such as rickets and osteomalacia; 8. Explain maladaptive responses of musculoskeletal system to obesity and ageing e.g. sarcopenia, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis; A histology laboratory session will be arranged to understand the pathological changes of musculoskeletal system post injury at organ, tissue to cellular levels. Module three: Major organ-related diseases (week 10 to 13) 9. Develop the understanding of the following aspects of the major human diseases: incidence or prevalence, cause, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis. In this module, we will discuss the prevalent neurodegenerative (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease), cerebro-cardiovascular disease (e.g. hypertension, ischemic heart disease and stroke) and metabolic syndrome (e.g. diabetes, obesity). A practical laboratory session will be arranged to understand neuromuscular junction.
/ Indicative Syllabus Experimental data analysis Accuracy and precision, experimental errors, bias and uncertainty of measurement, significant figures; normal distribution and standard deviations; statistical methods of data treatment, regression and least- squares method, correlation coefficient; principles of estimation of measurement uncertainty. Solutions and Titrimetric Analysis Chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constants; ionic equilibrium and pH; principles of titrimetric analysis involving acid-base, oxidation-reduction, solubility equilibria, precipitation and complexometric reactions; concept of indicators; examples of common indicators and their applications; effects of electrolytes on chemical equilibria; applications of titrimetric analysis. Electrochemical Methods Electrochemical cells and electrode potentials; salt bridge and liquid junction; reference and indicator electrodes; measurements of cell -- 1 of 3 -- potentials; potentiometric titration; basic principles of coulometric and voltammetric methods of analysis; conductance and conductivity; measurements of conductivity; applications of various electrochemical methods. Spectrochemical Analysis Electromagnetic spectrum; Beer’s law; principles of absorption and luminescence spectrophotometry; spectrofluorometer; UV-Visible and IR/FTIR spectrophotometers; instrument components: radiation sources, monochromators and detectors; double-beam versus single-beam instruments; techniques in qualitative and quantitative analyses; applications of luminescence; UV-visible and IR/FTIR spectrophotometry.
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatic Compounds Structures, reactivity and properties; conformation of alkanes and cycloalkanes; addition reactions; mechanism, stereochemistry and regioselectivity; hydration; halogenation; hydrohalogenation; hydrogenation; hydroxylation; epoxidation; hydroboration; electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions; Friedel-Crafts reactions; substituent effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution; mechanism; nitration; sulphonation. Stereochemistry Structural parameters and strains; stereoisomerism-configuration and conformation; chirality, enantiomerism, sigma- and pi-diastereomerism. -- 1 of 3 -- Spectral Analysis of Functional Groups Basic principles and uses of mass spectrometry, infrared, ultraviolet-visible and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies in the identification of functional groups of simple organic compounds. Alkyl Halides Structure of alkyl halides; preparation of alkyl halides; nucleophilic substitution reactions; elimination reactions; mechanism and stereochemistry; regioselectivity; factors affecting nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions: molecular structure, solvent, nucleophile, leaving group and neighbouring group. Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers and Thiols Structure, reactivity and preparation; hydrogen bonding; acidity; dehydration; oxidation. Aldehydes and Ketones Structure, properties and reactions; oxidation; nucleophilic addition reactions; hydration; acetal formation; imine formation; alcohol formation. Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Classification, reactivity and preparation; acidity of carboxylic acids; nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. Amines and Heterocyclic Amines Structure, properties and preparation; basicity of amines; acylation.
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Data treatment Significant figures, accuracy and precision, determinate and indeterminate errors, propagation of error. Normal distribution and standard deviations. Linear least squares and correlation coefficient. Sampling Techniques Methods of sampling liquids, solutions and solids; techniques in solid sample preparation. Titrimetric Analysis Ionic equilibrium and pH. Theory of titrimetric analysis involving acid- base, oxidation-reduction, solubility equilibria, precipitation and complexometric reactions, and the theory of indicators. . Spectrophotometric Techniques UV-Visible spectrophotometry: the electromagnetic spectrum, Beer’s Law; methodologies in quantitative analysis; instrumentation Infrared spectrophotometry: sample preparation, instrumentation and application. -- 1 of 3 -- Basic Electrochemistry Oxidation and reduction; principle of electrochemical reactions; standard electrode potentials; hydrogen and other electrodes; cells and batteries; cell potential and free energy; shorthand notation for electrochemical cells; Nernst equation Electrochemical Techniques Potentiometry: salt bridges, liquid junctions, working and reference electrodes; the pH sensitive glass-membrane electrode. Ion-selective electrodes; working principles, types and applications. Potentiometric titrations.
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Chemical Thermodynamics Fundamental concepts of thermodynamics: systems, states, state variables, state/path function, intensive/extensive properties. First law of thermodynamics: heat and work, internal energy, enthalpy. Second and third laws of thermodynamics: entropy, free energies, adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and reversible processes. Effect of change in state variables on some state/path functions. Application of chemical thermodynamics : spontaneity of reaction, Joule- Thomson effect, Carnot cycle and heat engine, Nernst equation, Gibbs energy function and equilibrium constants, phase rule, Clausius- Clapeyron equation. Chemical Kinetics Rate equations and rate constants, reaction mechanism and elementary reactions. Common reaction types: opposing reactions, consecutive reactions, parallel reactions, chain reactions. Reaction rate theories: Collision and absolute rate theories, activation energy, temperature dependence of rate constants, steady-state approximation, transition state theory. -- 1 of 2 --
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Experiments involved may included 1. Enthalpy of Combustion 2. The Effect of Temperature on Solubility - A Study of van’t Hoff’s Equation with UV spectrophotometry 3. Homogeneous Catalysis - The Harcourt-Esson Reaction 4. Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium of a Binary Solution with infrared spectrophotometry. 5. Rate Constant and Order of a Chemical Reaction with pH titration 6. Ion selective electrodes
/ Indicative Syllabus Indicative Title of Experiments Substitution Reaction: Preparation of 3-Chloro-3-Methylpentane Elimination Reactions(E2): Dehydrochiorination of 3-Chloro-3- Methylpentane Elimination Reactions (El): Dehydration of 3-Methyl-Pentan-3-ol Preparation of Aspirin Grignard Reaction: Preparation of Triphenylcarbinol
/ Indicative Syllabus Indicative Content Concepts of Bonding in Molecules Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital Theory, chemical bonding of Homo – and Heterodiatomic molecules, molecular shapes and the VSEPR model, Valence Bond theory and Molecular Orbital Theory or polyatomic molecules, Concept of frontier orbitals Structure and Bonding of Simple Solids Description of the structures of crystalline solid; unit cells and crystal packing; structure and bonding of metals, alloys and semiconductors; Structures and bonding of ionic solids; energetics of ionic bonding; lattice energy and the Kapustinskii equation Acids and Bases Proton transfer equilibria of Brønsted acids and bases in aqueous media, thermodynamics of acid dissociation strength of Brønsted acids, reactions and properties of Lewis acids and bases; thermodynamic consideration of Lewis acid-base reactions, Hard and Soft acids and bases -- 1 of 3 -- Oxidation and Reduction Overview of redox reactions and oxidation states; reduction potentials and Gibbs energy, redox stability; diagrammatic presentation of potential data, applications of redox reactions to industrial processes Selected Main Group Chemistry General trends in Main Group Chemistry; Chemistry of Hydrogen, Chemistry of Group 1 and 2 metals, Chemistry of Non-metals: Group 13 - 18.
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Chemical Thermodynamics Fundamental concepts of thermodynamics: systems, states, state variables, state/path function, intensive/extensive properties. First law of thermodynamics: heat and work, internal energy, enthalpy. Second and third laws of thermodynamics: entropy, free energies, adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and reversible processes. Effect of change in state variables on some state/path functions. Application of chemical thermodynamics : spontaneity of reaction, Joule- Thomson effect, Carnot cycle and heat engine, Nernst equation, Gibbs energy function and equilibrium constants, phase rule, Clausius- Clapeyron equation. Chemical Kinetics Rate equations and rate constants, reaction mechanism and elementary reactions. Common reaction types: opposing reactions, consecutive reactions, parallel reactions, chain reactions. Reaction rate theories: Collision and absolute rate theories, activation energy, temperature dependence of rate constants, steady-state approximation, transition state theory. -- 1 of 2 --
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatic Compounds Structures, reactivity and properties; conformation of alkanes and cycloalkanes; addition reactions; mechanism, stereochemistry and regioselectivity; hydration; halogenation; hydrohalogenation; hydrogenation; hydroxylation; epoxidation; hydroboration; electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions; Friedel-Crafts reactions; substituent effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution; mechanism; nitration; sulphonation. Stereochemistry Structural parameters and strains; stereoisomerism-configuration and conformation; chirality, enantiomerism, and diastereomerism. Spectral Analysis of Functional Groups Basic principles and uses of mass spectrometry, infrared, ultraviolet-visible and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies in the identification of functional groups of simple organic compounds. Alkyl Halides Structure of alkyl halides; preparation of alkyl halides; nucleophilic substitution reactions; elimination reactions; mechanism and stereochemistry; regioselectivity; factors affecting nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions: molecular structure, solvent, nucleophile, leaving group and neighbouring group. Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers and Epoxides Structure, reactivity and preparation; hydrogen bonding; acidity; dehydration; -- 1 of 3 -- oxidation. Aldehydes and Ketones Structure, properties and reactions; oxidation; nucleophilic addition reactions; hydration; acetal formation; imine formation; alcohol formation. Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Classification, reactivity and preparation; acidity of carboxylic acids; nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions.
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Chemical Thermodynamics Fundamental concepts of thermodynamics: systems, states, state variables, state/path function, intensive/extensive properties. First law of thermodynamics: heat and work, internal energy, enthalpy. Second and third laws of thermodynamics: entropy, free energies, adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and reversible processes. Effect of change in state variables on some state/path functions. Application of chemical thermodynamics : spontaneity of reaction, Joule- Thomson effect, Carnot cycle and heat engine, Nernst equation, Gibbs energy function and equilibrium constants, phase rule, Clausius- Clapeyron equation. Chemical Kinetics Rate equations and rate constants, reaction mechanism and elementary reactions. Common reaction types: opposing reactions, consecutive reactions, parallel reactions, chain reactions. Reaction rate theories: Collision and absolute rate theories, activation energy, temperature dependence of rate constants, steady-state approximation, transition state theory. -- 1 of 2 --
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Experiments involved may included 1. Enthalpy of Combustion 2. The Effect of Temperature on Solubility - A Study of van’t Hoff’s Equation with UV spectrophotometry 3. Homogeneous Catalysis - The Harcourt-Esson Reaction 4. Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium of a Binary Solution with infrared spectrophotometry. 5. Rate Constant and Order of a Chemical Reaction with pH titration 6. Ion selective electrodes
/ Indicative Syllabus The topics in the course syllabus cover three major areas: 1. Concept and Practice of Service Learning: • Principles, concepts and myths of service learning • Benefits of service learning to students, the university and the community • Ethical issues in service learning • Basic concepts and theories of social problems, developments and justice • Social responsibilities of global citizens as intellectuals and professionals • Proper attitudes and behaviours in service delivery • Developing a service project proposal/plan • Effective team work and problem solving skills in service-learning projects • Reflection as a tool for learning 2. Discipline-Specific Concepts, Issues and Skills • Introduction to modern agricultural good practices: general knowledge to crop science and plant breeding; basic concept of soil management and fertilization; introduction to sustainable water management; • Introduction to modern agricultural technology and concept of integrated pest management: • Introduction to responsible agriculture: a model for responsible use of plant protection products and learn how to use them in a responsible way in order to increase economic results, avoid risks to human health (farmers and consumers) and reduce negative impacts to the environment • Chinese food culture: knowing the general history on food supply in China, provincial and racial differences, common diet and traditional medicine, and typical food supply chains. 3. Project-Specific Concepts, Issues and Skills • Understanding the historical, cultural, and socio-political background of the targeted clients/underprivileged communities • Health, safety and other issues relevant to the service project • Moral and ethical concerns specific to the project and beneficiaries • Basic Food hygiene training: To learn the general principles of food hygiene as described by CODEX, and to understand specific codes of hygienic practice for relevant production sectors • Introduction to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP).
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分/ Indicative Syllabus Components of the Immune system Barriers, bactericidal components in various body fluids and cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems; soluble mediators of immunity including the complement system and cytokines; the lymphoid system. Activation of the immune system Concept of clonal selection; activation and expansion of the B-cells and T cells; concept of MHC restriction and TCR recognition; exogenous and endogenous antigen processing; the antibody responses. Regulation of the immune system Regulation and control of the immune responses by antigen and antibody concentrations, density and types of cytokine receptors; regulation by immune cell circuits and idiotypic regulation; interrelationship between the endocrine, nervous and immune systems. Antibodies and T-cell receptor (TCR) Structure of antibody and TCR, generation of diversity, antigen recognition, processing and presentation. Vaccination Antigens used as vaccines, effectiveness and safety of vaccine, currently used vaccines, adjuvants and passive immunization; possibilities in vaccination against tumor; latest development of vaccines. -- 1 of 3 -- Failure of the immune system Tolerance and autoimmunity, primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, and hypersensitivity. Others Tumor Immunology, Transplantation
Overall
暂无评分Difficulty
暂无评分